Klevius "islamophobia" against muslim Human Rightsphobia.
London's muslim sharia mayor Sadiq Khan's sharia police chief Cressida
Dick considers "islamophobia" 'intolerable' but tolerates sharia Human
Rightsphobia "diversity".
Does this woman constitute a safety risk for Londoners?
The words above come from a Jewish woman.
Franco-German broadcasters have been
accused of censorship after shelving a documentary film about European
Jews facing persecution by muslim migrants, saying it was not “balanced”
and the topic was “very sensitive”. The film Chosen and Excluded — The
Hate for Jews in Europe highlights anti-Semitism on the continent and
depicts the violence Jews experience from muslim communities in cities
such as Paris. Nothing points to London being any different in this
respect - possibly worse because of "diversity" sharia leniency.
Moreover, Cressida Dick's focus on "islamophobia", rather than on the
hate that causes "islamophobia", is in fact divisive and not conducive
to "British values". Or is it the other way round, i.e. that the UK
government wants islamofascist sharia (usually imported by/from the
islamofascist Saudi dictator family) to be the new core "British value"
and Human Rights to be criminalized as "blasphemy"?
The 1948 anti-fascist Human Rights Declaration doesn't protect
islamofascism. Nor does it protect any form of religion that threatens
Human Rights in the declaration. Moreover, and in perfect line with
this, the European Court of Human Rights has declared islamic sharia as
incompatible with Human Rights values.
European Court of Human Rights: Article 9 (freedom of thought,
conscience and religion) of the European Convention on Human Rights:
“1. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes
freedom to change his religion
or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in
public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship,
teaching, practice and observance.
however
2. Freedom to manifest one’s religion or beliefs shall be subject only
to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a
democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection
of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights
and freedoms of others.”
Gita Sahgal (Sharia, security and the church: dangers of the British
Home Office Inquiry): Does the UK’s Sharia Review resemble the sharia
‘courts’: secretive procedures and discriminatory advisors? Are the Home
Office and the Church ignoring conflicts of interest and evidence of
discrimination? Feminist campaigners from minority women’s organisations
in Britain, backed by prominent women human rights advocates from all
over the world, wrote an Open Letter to Theresa May, then Home
Secretary, criticising the way she was intending to carry out a
long-awaited review of sharia in Britain. May was forced to defend ‘one
law for all’ when she became Prime Minister. An investigation shows that
the concerns of campaigners such as myself were well-founded.
European Centre for Law & Justice: Is Sharia compatible with Human
Rights? This concrete question is more and more important in Europe,
particularly for women, and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of
Europe (PACE) has tried to answer it.
Indeed, among the large Europe, there are territories where the sharia
(or “Islamic law”) is applied. This raises a problem in view of Human
Rights, in so far as these States are members of the European Convention
on Human Rights (ECHR) and at the same time they apply or respect an
Islamic justice opposed to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) and the ECHR.
Three member countries of the Council of Europe have ratified both the
European Convention on Human Rights and the Cairo Declaration, which is a
declaration of Human Rights compatible with the sharia. These countries
are Albania, Azerbaijan and Turkey. One must add that the Russian
Federation and Bosnia and Herzegovina have not signed the Cairo
Declaration but are members observers of the Organization of the Islamic
Conference and they have signed the ECHR.
This Cairo Declaration of 5th August 1990 stipulates inter alia that
“Islam is the religion of unspoiled nature”. It does not contain a right
to freedom of religion, does not confirm the equality before the law of
all men regardless of their religion, and finally Article 25 stipulates
that “The Islamic Shari'ah is the only source of reference for the
explanation or clarification of any of the articles of this
Declaration”.
Some of the principles stated in the Islamic law contravene the
principles which are recognized as Human Rights, and first of all,
freedom of religion. According to the sharia, a Muslim does not have the
right to change his religion to another religion or to atheism. If he
does so, he is an apostate, which generates his civil death (opening of
his succession) and deserves a death penalty.
The Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights had the
opportunity to give an answer to that question of compatibility in 2003:
it “concurs in the Chamber’s view that sharia is incompatible with the
fundamental principles of democracy, as set forth in the Convention”[1].
Seized by several of its members, the PACE will establish in the next
few months a report on these incompatibilities, determine on which
territories of members of the Council of Europe the sharia is applied
and what consequences are to be drawn from it.
Mrs Meritxell Mateu (ALDE, Andorra) was the rapporteur of the Commission
before she left the PACE. She wrote a preliminary note under this
procedure. This note defines sharia as follows:
“Sharia law is understood as being ‘the path to be followed’, that
is, the ‘law’ to be obeyed by every Muslim. It divides all human
action into five categories–what is obligatory, recommended, neutral,
Disapproved of and prohibited –and takes two forms: a legal
ruling(hukm), designed to organise society and deal with everyday
situations, and the fatwa, a legal opinion intended to cover a special
situation. Sharia law is therefore meant in essence to be positive law
enforceable on Muslims. Accordingly, it can be defined as ‘the sacred
Law of Islam’, that is, ‘an all-embracing body of religious duties, the
totality of Allah’s commands that regulate the life of every Muslim in
all its aspects’.”[2]
Besides the different international instruments written and ratified by
Muslim countries, the Rapporteur highlighted the members States of the
Council of Europe in which sharia law is being applied, more or less
legally: Greece, the United-Kingdom, Russia and Turkey.
Western Thrace in Greece
Under the Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923, the Greek State
recognised the existence of only one minority on Greek territory, namely
the ‘Muslim’ minority of Western Thrace in north-eastern Greece. Greek
law allows Greek citizens who are Muslims and resident in Western Thrace
to use Sharia law as a parallel legal system for private law. The law
gives muftis judicial power to rule on disputes between Muslims
concerning inheritance (Law n° 2345/1920). Since 1990 there have been
five muftis in Thrace: three officially appointed by the Greek State and
two elected by the minority but not recognised by the Greek
authorities. In theory, every Muslim citizen in Greece is able to choose
freely between a mufti and a Greek court. The Greek Supreme Court
acknowledged that for Greek Muslims inheritance of unencumbered property
was strictly governed by ‘Islamic holy law’ and not the Greek Civil
Code. It should be pointed out that muftis have officiated at a number
of Muslim weddings by proxy, without the express consent of the brides,
who are sometimes even underage girls. Law n° 1920/1991 extends muftis’
jurisdiction to cover maintenance, guardianship and trusteeship, and
emancipation of minors.
United-Kingdom
The “Islamic Sharia Council”, based in London, it is an independent
arbitration tribunal issuing private - law decisions and able to grant
Islamic divorces. These pronounced divorces may be included within a
civil procedure since the vote of a law on divorce in 2002. There are
believed to be some thirty Sharia councils affiliated to local mosques.
The Russian Federation
In Russia, which has been an observer at the OIC since 2005, there
are some 20 million Muslims, Most of whom live in the Northern Caucasus ,
particularly in Chechnya , Ingushetia , Dagestan and Tatarstan. In the
former two, family and property matters are usually judged under Sharia
law. Here, under the guise of ‘tradition’, women and girls are victims
of violence and discriminatory practices such as early marriage,
abduction for forced marriage, ‘honour’ killings, female genital
mutilation and polygamy, despite the provisions of Russian federal law.
In the Chechen Republic the authorities continue to interfere in
citizens’ private and social lives with their imposition of Islamic
values. For example, the leaders of the Chechen Republic are in favour
of incorporating religious education in the school curriculum, require
women to dress according to Islamic rules and tolerate violent attacks
on women whose dress is considered indecent. Such actions are clearly in
breach of the rights enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian
Federation and Article 11 of the Constitution of the Chechen Republic.
Turkey
Secularism, inherited from Atatürk, is a supreme constitutional
principal in Turkey, but it has been quite attacked over the last years.
A founder member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Muslim
religious education is now compulsory in schools, even for non-Muslim
minorities. The ban on the Islamic headscarf was lifted first in state
universities, then in the civil service and subsequently in secondary
schools and its wearing is spreading. The AKP government publicly
develops a speech favourable to a conquering Islam, associating notably
Turkish nationality with being part of Sunnite Islam.
At the end of this preliminary note, Albania and Azerbaijan, which
signed the Cairo Declaration, do not appear to apply Sharia objectively
on all or part of their territories. The latter has nevertheless adopted
very restrictive laws on religious freedom, for example by preventing
foreign priests from coming to direct orthodox parishes.
These cases of openings to a justice parallel to that of the State raise
several problems. The first is that the acceptance of parallel court
decisions is an acceptance of communitarianism. This calls into question
the unity of justice in a territory as well as the equality of men
before the law, since depending on the religion of the former, the
applicable law would not be the same. The applicability of the ECHR in
the signatory countries is questioned or at least restricted in certain
areas. Areas of “different right” (sometimes called “no rights” zones)
where the signatory State would have accepted more or less officially
that its right be derogatory.
Finally, this raises the question of the acceptability of certain
principles or values. The former PACE Rapporteur explained in her note
that “The Court has ruled that Sharia law is in compatible with the
European Convention on Human Rights, but obviously this does not mean
that there is absolute incompatibility between the Convention and
Islam”
This distinction between Sharia and Islam to consider the former as
incompatible with the ECHR contrary to the second is not obvious. At the
beginning of her note, she states precisely that “Sharia law is
understood as being ‘the path to be followed’, that is, the ‘law’ to be
obeyed by every Muslim.” If Islam “ordained a law” (Surah 5, verse 48)
to every Muslim and “assigned a path” (id.) is sharia, then sharia
becomes something consubstantial to Islam. A Muslim may not be a good
Muslim if he does not apply the Sharia. There would thus be an
incompatibility between the ECHR and Islam, which is not surprising as
the need to create human rights in Islam testifies.
Translation by BMG
[1] CEDH, Refah Partisi (The Welfare Party) and others v. Turkey [GC],
n° 41340/98, 41342/98, 41343/98 and 41344/98, 13 February 2003, §
123.
[2] Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, Compatibility of Sharia
law with the European Convention on Human Rights: can States Parties to
the Convention be signatories of the ‘Cairo Declaration’? Introductory
Memorandum, AS/JUR (2016) 28, 7 October 2016, § 6.
